Plastic waterproof troweling compound.



A. O. HORN.

PLASTIC WATERPROOF TROWBLING COMPOUND.

APPLIOATION FILED APB.9, 191s.

Inventor:

Patented Sept.30,1913.

AARON C. HORN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PLASTIC WATERPROOF TROWELING COMPOUND.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 30, 1913.

Application filed April 5, 1913. Serial No. 760,050.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, AAnoN'C. HORN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plastic \Vaterproof Troweling Compounds, of which the following'is a specification.

This invention relates to plastic troweling waterproof cements intended for waterproofing structural surfaces and the like, and to the process of making same, involving a new form of waterproofed structure, and as to the composition it relates especially to a cement having a high degree of plasticity orstifily fluent mobility, marked adhesiveness to wall surfaces, yet working freely under the t-rowel \VlthOHt-r that measure of tackiness and pull which characterizes most resinous mixtures of similar body.

The treatment of structural surfaces of brick, concrete and other forms of masonry more or less porolfs and moisture transmitting in character 'to render same either impenetrable by moisture or to act as a moisture barrier usually resolves itself. into the application to such surfaces of' bitumen, paints or oil and resin compounds and the like, which although'useful for waterproofing the surfaces of wood, often do not serve in filling the pores of rough surfaces of masonry to a degree sufficient-to insure relia-.

bility of water shedding or deflecting qualities under all conditions. Sub-structural or below ground waterproofing such as the treatment of foundation walls usually is carried out either by the hot method, that is, the application of pitch or an asphaltic compound which has been previously heated in order to liquefy same; or by the cold method involving the application of a bituminous paint by brushing. Tie hot method is open to the objection that the prolonged heating of the material during the operation, especially as usually conducted by unskilled workmen having very little thought of temperature requirements, tends to give a product of variable composition which often is undesirably brittle. Thus any vibratory movement or settling of the walls will tend to rupture the coating and the slightest break in such a coating destroys almost entirely the efiicacy of-the waterproofing stratum. An-' other objectionto the. hot method is that crete or masonry surfaces conmOIStHIG to act repellently avoids the necessity of local heating and melting the waterproofing material, with all the incident troubles and inconveniences, and cold applied bituminous coatings are available which carry in proper physical and chemical form, all of the oils necessary for the life andefliciency of such coatings, but theirfield is restricted mainly to the waterproofing of perfectly smooth walls and floors, since it is an extremely diflicult mat-- ter to produce by brush coatin an unbroken film over a surface which is broken by irregularities of various sorts, depressions, projections, cracks and crevices; as for instance a rough brick, stone or concrete wall,- or an underbed of stone concrete forming part of a floor, usual surface rugosities of which, make. the effective application thereto of a brush coatingdiflicult andcost ly.

In superstructural waterproofing, that is the treatment of walls above ground, it be comes necessary to insulate Ordampproof an inner plastered surface from an outer weather exposed wall, and the present practice involves three methods, viz., that of furring, lining with hollow block, and coating with a bituminous paint. The furring opout of direct contact with it, is to some extent insulated from the moisture containing outer wall. Or the wall may be lined invarious ways with hollow brick or block to which the plaster is subsequently. applied. The third'method of superstructural dampproofing is that of applying to the inner surface of the wall, by brush or sprayer, of a liquid bituminous coating so prepared that plaster will bond to it, in this way insulat and dampproof compound, and the resultant economy in space as contrasted with the space necessitated in furring and lathing. The one disadvantage of the brush application of a bituminous paint or coating of this character to form a waterproof sheath between masonry and plaster is that since the coating is applied by brushing it cannot be made to form a continuous impervious film over ragged uneven surfaces, as the brush it not able to adequately reach the interstices or depressions. Neither can the application of such compositions by means of spraying devices be recommended for the reason that under the circumstances a relatively large proportion of thinning material is required to give the composition a sufiicient degree of fluidity to spray properly. Thus the bituminous base on which depends waterproofing efiiciency, is greatly diluted and is correspondingly less effective. Then too, while the Work is being carried out, the building in large measure is open on a l sides and the slightest breezewill disturb the path of travel of the fine spray, causing a considerable proportion of the atomized particles to drift away, often to deposit in places Where not desired and thus involving the expense of removing the material where extraneously deposited.

By my invention a fluent composition is secured which overcomes the disadvantages of the brushed out coating, while possessing the advantages thereof, whichv may be troweled on a surface and worked into its irregularities, which will adhere well even to damp masonry, and which will form a continuous waterproofing sheath over any surface however rugged, uneven or irregular such sur face may be. 4

, My process ofpreparation enables a composition to be produced in the form of a heavy paste, thick and coherent enough toserving as an eflicient waterproof seal. 1te-' pairs in roofs, whether of slate, tin, built up slag br gravel strata, may be repaired simply by troweling on a quantity of said composition .to fill and cover the leaky areas. Likewise for covering openings where flashing enters the wall, pointing around flashing, for cementing cap to flashing on the underside, the composition may be used to advantage especially on damp surfaces Where ordinary cements fail to properly ad here. Around window frames secure protection can be provided against water-penetration from driving storms by applying the composition to openings under the hanging stile, filling in between frame and wall on stucco exteriors, or in any rift or crevice in the window. setting: While plastic enough to be used for filling in spaces and slushing around window frames, the composition tro-wels in place neatly without sagin and sets, without becomin hard and brittle, which is an advantageous feature. Although not running and dripplng n t Where floor arch and wall join, if the;

ceilings are to be preserved from dampness, a waterproofing materlal should be present 116 v heat of the suns rays, on the other hand a at such junction. In order to carry their loads, the floor arches become a part of the bearing wall, or must be supported by the steel frame ,when curtain walls are used.- l-iencethe air space created by furring blocks 'or by lath and furring strips cannot be continuous. .Whereverthis is the case, and it is so in every fireproof structure, or for that matter in wooden construction, moisture permeating the outer .shell of the building at the point where the archjoins the wall, penetrates the floor arch for some distance at least and affects the plastered ceiling. The arches, usually being made of hollow tile or strongly diluted concrete,

become an easy prey to the attacks of rain storms and are-quickly saturated with moisture at the junction points, causing the ceiling to become stained and discolored. Fron'i thence, if furred construction is employed, the moisture will travel down. the wall along the surfaces inclosing the air space, saturating and disintegrating the plaster. lVhenever then, it becomes desirable, to use fur- I relative ease.

ring, as often is the case especially if the interior plan of the building requires the trim to be set out from the wall, and the expense of supplementing the effect of the air space by a water insulating coating throughout, is an obstacle, it becomes necessary to seal the space at the junction point where firrring and arch meet, as this is the vulnerable point of attack from dampness. My plastic waterproof troweling composition'applied at this point'overcomes the difficulty experienced with this form of construction, and due to the markedadhesiveness to damp walls exhibited by the aforesaid composition, a remarkably thorough sealing effect is secured with a minimum of coated area.

As indicated; the walls in new construction are always more or less damp and this moisture has a tendency to repel a coating of ordinary bituminous, asphaltic or coal tar mixtures, the action reminding one of the. repellent effect of a greasy surface. WVherever moisture is present, the coating film does-not bond or key to the surface and after setting may be totall removed with The presen invention provides-a composition, which although possessing an unusually pronounced waterproofing character, is nevertheless, in the form as applied, of such a nature as to overcome the repellent forces due to wall moisture, and hence for the purposes above set forth is of peculiar adaptability.

My plastic troweling Waterproof sealing cement comprises a heavy-bodied emulsion of stiftly fluent quality containing an oil basis, preferably thickened with a resinous or asphaltic compound; a water-insoluble soap and a finely dividedfiller. Tho emulsion preferably is formed from two immiscible materials, namely, the oil basis and a weak aqueous solution of ammonia or similar material; the oil basis being preferably largely in excess of the aqueous .solution. The latter in fact preferably should be'present only in relatively small proportion so as to form but a modicum of the total weight of the troweling compound. As an oil basis I may use any of the drying oils, as linseed, perilla,.Chinese wood ortung oil, and the like, or semidrying. oils including fish, corn, cotton, whale, rape and other like oils. Non-drying oils as petroleum, asphaltic oils and inalthas may be employed to some extent or according to circumstances may form the entire oil basis, if desired. Preferably however I employ Chinese wood oil usually with an additionofabout 10% of boiled'fish oil. The oil thickener which I may employ is usually ofa resinous nature and includes such bodies as in aqueous media.

.added with thorough agitation.

moderate amounts for some requirements. The water-insoluble soap preferably .is formed intsz'tu, that: is within the mass of the composition duringits preparation. To this end a water-soluble soap preferably ammonium stearate' in an aqueous carrier, is

incorporated with the oil basis and hy-- drated lime or otherprecipitant is then added. The lime soap which forms se arates under these conditions in a finelyivided, flocculent or colloidal condition'which enables'it to exert a desirable water-repelling action. The ammonia liberated by the action of the lime passes more or less into the aqueous material and forms an excellent aid to rapid emulsification. The water-insoluble soap and the aqueous material -together have the useful property of permitting additions of fillers, pigments and extending materials, without excessive grinding to secure a proper degree of incorporation. This is of importance with a heavy oil basisin which pigments and fillers are ground with difficulty under most -circumstances. The precipitating material for .the water-soluble soap may be any metathetically reacting body capable of producing a water-insoluble soap, and this includes Portland cement, barium hydrate, quick lime, cream of lime, as well as hydrated lime. An excess of lime material over the amount of ammonium steal-ate and the like, should preferably be used. On the otherghand a very great excess of lime or other precipitant is undesirable as tending to break the emulsion, and only such a maximum is to be used un-' der ordinary circumstances as will permit of the formation of a stable emulsion and one which is free from undesirable tackiness or sticky qualities. The function of the aqueous material in its blended condition is that of a slicking element, it having the property of rendering an otherwise sticky, tacky composition easily handled under the trowel, an action which seemingly is supplemented by the presence of the precipitated lime soap.

A formula herewith given as an illustrative embodiment is the following :-A thickened o-il basis consisting of 70,parts of Chinese wood oil, 10 parts of boiled fish oil and 20 parts of asphalt is mixed with 40v v parts of a thick, paste of ammonium stearate Seventy parts of hydrated lime or Portland cement are then To this composition filling or exteuding material may be added provided the consistency be not increased to an excessive degree. Among the fillers which may be employed are bodies of the nature of talc or ground soap stone, whiting, barytes, china clay and kaolin, silex and the like: The foregoing proportions are expressed by volume for the. particular formula set forth.

The manner in which the troweling composition is applied is shown by the accompanying drawings, which do not indicate all forms of construction wherein the present I composition may be used, nor all methods or modifications of methods of application, but simply and in a diagan'unatic manner set forth illustrative procedures.

The drawings represent vertical cross sections of walls and floors of structures, Figure 1 being a cross section 5f a portion of a masonry wall and adjoining concrete floor with the troweling composition in direct contact with the wall interior surface and a portion of the ceiling, while Fig. 2 shows a wall and ceiling in annular cross section with a furring layer of hollow' block or tile and a sheath of the troweling composition locally disposed at the junction of fioor and wall. I i

I Like parts in the drawings are denoted by like characters.

head extension 5.

In the drawings, 1 is a wall'of brick, concrete or other sim lar material, 21s a floor shown as composed ma nly of concrete, 3 1s a finish of plaster, tis a waterproofing compound, extendmg'along the face of the vertical wall or furring, and having the over- The direction of ingress of moisture is graphically indicated by the arrow.7. In Fig. 2 the vertical portion of the waterproofing" compound contacts with hollow tile furring but does not extend along the verticalwall over its entire surface, but only for. a short distance below the ceiling. A sheath of waterproofing material disposed in this manner enables water to be repelled or resisted at what heretofore has been avulnerable point. Most waterproofing compositions fail to hold well at this point, 'either cracking or blistering or suffering other deterioration. My plastic troweling waterproof sealing cement permits of the foregoing process of application to be successfully carried out and affords a structural organization of novel and useful properties. The adherence of the sealing compound or cement to dalnp surfaces at the point where the floor arch joins the wall overcomes the difiiculties hitherto experienced in waterproofing construction of the character aforesaid. Furthermore the compound may be made to bond or join with plaster in an effective manner. W'hether any chemical action takes place under these circumstances I' need not here state, 'it sufficing tomention that wet plaster may be applied to the layer of Waterproofing compound applied to a wallor underside of floor arch, and will adhere theretofirmly in spite of the oily nature of the waterproofing compound. This isall the more remarkable in viewlof the fact that irregularities of surface and brush marks present when bitumimelting asphaltic material, thinning same with a drying oil, adding an aqueous paste comprising ammonium stearate, agitating and adding lime material; whereby calcium stearate is formed within the mass and ammonia is liberated.

2. The process of making a )lastic troweling waterproof cementwhici comprises melting varnish gum, incorporating therewith a drying oil, adding hydrated ammonium stearate, agitating and adding a basic body to form a water-insoluble soap in sz'tu and to liberate ammonia within the mass.

3 The process of making a plastic smooth- Y troweling cement which comprises melting asphaltic material, thinning with oily material comprising boiled oil, adding an aqueous paste containing ammonium stearate, agitating, the mixture with hydrated lime and thereby forming a water-insoluble stearatc soap in a finely-divided form disseminated throughout the mass.

I 4. The process of making aplastic smoothtroweling cement which comprises melting a varnish gum, thinning with a substantially non-volatile oil, adding a solution of a waiter-soluble stearate, agitating the mixture with a body capable of uniting with stearic acid to form a water-insoluble compound, and in continuing to agitate the mass until a smooth emulsion is formed.'

5. A plastic smooth-troweling composition consisting of'a fluent emulsion of heavy consistency comprising varnish gums and siccative oil substantially free from volatile thinner, incorporated with flocculent stearate of lime and a filler comprising cal careous material.

cement consisting of a fluent emulsion of heavy'consistency comprising asphaltic material dissolved in a non-volatile oily menstruum, incorporated with finely-divided precipitated stearate of lime, ammonium hydroxid solution and finely divided filling material; said cement in application freeing easily from the trowel and being substantially devoid of running or dripping prop cities.

7 A plastic smooth-troi'veling cement consisting of a fluent emulsion of heavy consist ency comprising asphaltic material dissolved in a non-volatile menstruum, incorporated with finely-divided precipitated stearate of 6. A plastic smooth-troweling waterproof the trowel and being substantially devoid of running or dripping properties.

8. A plastic smooth-troweling waterproofcement consisting of a fluent emulsion of heavy consistency comprising asphaltic materlal dissolved in a non-volatile menstruum;

incorporated with finely-divided precipitated stearate of lime, an emulsifying agent,

and finely-divided filling material; said cement in manual application freeing easily from the trowel and being substantiallydevoid of running or dripping properties.

9. A plastic smooth-trowelingwaterproof cement comprising a heavy bodied fluent emulsion the major portion of which consists largely of varnish gums and siccative oil admixed with filling material and incorporated with a water-soluble stearate capable of reacting with lime to form stearate of lime, and an emulsifying agent comprising ammonium hydroxid solution of relatively low strength.

10. A plastic smooth-troweling waterproof cement comprising. a heavy bodied fluent emulsion comprising oily materal carrying a thickener ofasphaltic material, a water-insoluble metallo-organic compound comprising a salt of a fatty acid, a solution of an alkali, and filling material.

11. A plastic troweling waterproof seal-l ing cement comprising a heavy bodied emul application freeing easily from the trowel.

12. A plastic troweling composition consisting of a fluent emulsion capable of adhering to moisture-containingwalls without running or dripping, comprising an oil, a-

.bodying substance therefor, finely-divided sion of stifily fluent quality comprising a thickened oil basis, a water-insoluble soap,- a finely-divided filler and a solution of ammonium hydroxid; said cement in manual 

